Do this by taking a stick, hold one end of it on the West end of the line, and draw two arcs above and below the E-W line (see B in the fig-ure). Now draw a vertical line perpendicular to the EAST-WEST line to give you the NORTH-SOUTH line (B). The first stone that you put down is WEST and the second is EAST. Wait 10 minutes or more and mark the new position with a second stone, then draw a line through the centers of the two stones. Mark the shadow's tip with a stone see in figure). Shadow-tip method At a level spot, place a stick into the ground vertically so it casts a distinct shadow. Here are some methods for finding North.Ī. Unless you're on the equator, the sun doesn't rise due East and set due West-and where it does rise varies depending on the time of the year. You probably remember the old rule that "the sun rises in the East and sets in the West." It's not quite right. When you have no compass, use the sun or stars to find your direction. Refer to FM 21-26 for directions for using a protractor to determine azimuth direction on your map. To get the right azimuth off a map you must use a protractor. Due East is 90 degrees, due South is 180 degrees, due West 270 degrees and due North is 360 degrees. Since there are 360 degrees in a circle, your azimuth can be any number from 1 to 360. Azimuths are given in degrees from 1 to 360 in a clockwise direction beginning at North, or in mils from 0 to 6400. The direction from one point to another, either on the map or along the ground, is the AZIMUTH. The vertical grid lines are always Grid N-S. The right edge of the map is always East, the bottom edge South and the left edge West. The top of your map is ALWAYS at Grid North. Refer to FM 21-26 for detailed methods for using all three of the map scales used on every military map. There are 36 inches per yard, 39.37 inches per meter, 3,600 inches per 100 yards, and 63,360 inches per mile. ![]() This means that 1 inch on your map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. The Map Scale is printed at the TOP and BOTTOM of your map Example: Scale 1:50,000. ![]() Your map has been drawn to scale, meaning that a certain distance on the map equals a certain distance on the surface of the ground. You can also use your map to measure distance between two places. Record the grid coordinates with the correct two-letter grid square identifier. Then determine an eight-digit grid coordinate to locate a point on the ground to within 10 meters. Using your map protractor, determine a six-digit grid coordinate to locate a point on the ground within 100 meters. Then read UP and find the East-West line that is the bottom border of your grid square. To get the correct number for a certain square, first read from left to right along the bottom edge of the map and find the line that borders the left side of your grid. Their lines are numbered along the outside edges of the map. Together they form squares called GRID SQUARES. Your map has black lines running up and down (North and South) and crosswise (East and West). There are no street addresses on your map, but you can still find your LOCATION accurately. Finally, the map also gives you crucial information in its margins, such as scale, date of printing, and in the bottom margin the Grid/Magnetic angle (difference between magnetic north, map grid north, and true north for your map. Know what the colors are and what they represent. The Legend also gives you information about the color codes used on the map. All of these objects are represented on the map by a symbol, and these symbols are explained in the lower left corner of every map in a section called the LEGEND. It shows physical symbols for man-made objects such as roads, buildings, etc., and topographic symbols identifying terrain features. Your map shows much more than just terrain. The first thing you should know about a map is that it is nothing more than a drawing of a piece of the earth's surface as it would be seen from above looking straight down. ![]() Locate your position using resection & modified resection.Determine direction using a map protractor.Identify uses of topographic symbols, colors, physical symbols, and marginal information on a military map, and how to determine location using grid coordinates.Practical testing in map reading skills will be an important part of your OTC program. Refer to FM 21-26, Map Reading and Land Navigation. You will be expected to have the skills necessary to follow those instructions. All operations that are in liaison with active and reserve military units will always use military maps in their execution and operations orders. TABLE OF CONTENTS MAP READING AND NAVIGATIONĪs an officer, you must be proficient in the art of military map reading.
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